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Copyright © 2023-2024 by Daniel Penuel Benjamin. All rights reserved. No portion of this website may be reproduced in any form without prior written permission from Daniel Penuel Benjamin.

Information on this website is derived from The Six Pillars of Second Millennium BCE Middle Eastern Chronology, Volume Ⅰ of The Astronomical Chronology, published by Daniel Penuel Benjamin.

Website: synchronologies.com

Header image by Daniel Penuel Benjamin

Photo Credits: The photograph of Saturn on the Assyrian Pillar is from the NASA HubbleSite, and the picture of Venus on the same Pillar is from NASA/JPL-Caltech.

The astronomical snips of all six solar eclipses, the background stars, and the moon originated with, or the artist modified them from, Stellarium astronomical software. The author drew the map at the bottom but altered it using Google Earth’s overlay function with an angled view.

The obelisk in the Egyptian Pillar, from the reign of Thutmose Ⅲ, is a colorized version of a drawing of one of “Cleopatra’s Needles” (now in New York City’s Central Park) from Description de l’Égypt, Antiquités, Planches, Tome Ⅴ (Volume Ⅴ), Plate 33, 1822.