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Synchronologies

The World's Chronologies, Synchronized

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Category: Assyrian

Reality Checks for Ancient Chronology: Astronomical Datapoints and Verification

December 25, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East Leave a comment

The advocates of the conventional model of second millennium BCE Middle Eastern chronology have argued for the accuracy of their

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How Far Backward Can We Extrapolate the Babylonian Middle Chronology Model?

July 29, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Sumer, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Some researchers have attempted to extrapolate one of the chronological models of the Venus Tablets of Ammi-şaduqa backward in time

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Is It Possible to Resolve the Two-Year Discrepancy in the Early Assyrian Timeline?

July 2, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Venus Tablets One comment

Assyrian chronology is restorable with probable year-exact precision to almost two centuries earlier than Hammurabi’s first year (1792 BCE). Šamši-Adad

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Genuinely Ancient Records Are Not Necessarily Accurate

April 9, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle East One comment

Many researchers approach the subject of historical chronology with the fundamental premise that ancient inscriptions have accurate chronological data. However,

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Ancient Middle Eastern Astronomical Chronology, Verification, and Absolute Dates

February 17, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities, Thera eruption, Venus Tablets One comment

A year has passed since publishing the post “Why an Astronomical Chronological Model Can Be Irrefutable.” That short article discusses

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What Kinds of Astronomical Evidence Are Useful for Egyptian Chronology?

November 18, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East One comment

Several types of astronomical data are essential for Egyptian chronology. These include records of the heliacal rising of Sirius (Sothic

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Middle Chronology Advocates’ Efforts to Expand One Century into Two

October 22, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Multiple astronomical anchors and other scientific data demonstrate that the Middle Chronology model of the Venus Tablets of Ammi-şaduqa during

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Accurate Chronology or Fringe Theories?

October 9, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Many ideas (or theories) about ancient Middle Eastern chronology are controversial. Even now, scholars are divided about which one of

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Examples of Altering Data to Conform with Traditions

September 25, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

The previous post discussed the problem that researchers tend to start with: the premise that conventional views of chronology are

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The Bad Habit of Reinterpreting Data to Conform with Tradition (Or How to Cook a Frog)

September 11, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East One comment

Ancient Middle Eastern chronology is complex and involves many data types from various empires, kingdoms, and regions. While interpreting that

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