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Synchronologies

Synchronologies

The World's Chronologies, Synchronized

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Category: Middle Chronology Model

How Far Backward Can We Extrapolate the Babylonian Middle Chronology Model?

July 29, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Sumer, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Some researchers have attempted to extrapolate one of the chronological models of the Venus Tablets of Ammi-şaduqa backward in time

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Is It Possible to Resolve the Two-Year Discrepancy in the Early Assyrian Timeline?

July 2, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Venus Tablets One comment

Assyrian chronology is restorable with probable year-exact precision to almost two centuries earlier than Hammurabi’s first year (1792 BCE). Šamši-Adad

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Ancient Middle Eastern Astronomical Chronology, Verification, and Absolute Dates

February 17, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities, Thera eruption, Venus Tablets One comment

A year has passed since publishing the post “Why an Astronomical Chronological Model Can Be Irrefutable.” That short article discusses

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Middle Chronology Advocates’ Efforts to Expand One Century into Two

October 22, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Multiple astronomical anchors and other scientific data demonstrate that the Middle Chronology model of the Venus Tablets of Ammi-şaduqa during

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Accurate Chronology or Fringe Theories?

October 9, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Many ideas (or theories) about ancient Middle Eastern chronology are controversial. Even now, scholars are divided about which one of

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Examples of Altering Data to Conform with Traditions

September 25, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

The previous post discussed the problem that researchers tend to start with: the premise that conventional views of chronology are

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How Much of the Second Millennium BCE Conventional Middle Eastern Chronology is Correct?

August 13, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Venus Tablets One comment

Those kingdoms with relatively abundant chronological data from that millennium include Babylonia, Assyria, and Egypt. Let us begin with Babylonia

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The Venus Tablets Ultra-Low Chronology Is Half Correct

July 31, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets 3 comments

A previous post, “The Ironic Accuracy of the Venus Tablets Middle Chronology Model,” discussed the reasons that prove the Venus

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Common Sense Versus the Conventional Chronology

July 22, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Amarna Letters, Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Radiocarbon dating, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Over the past four months, this website has featured 15 posts about how using common sense leads to better solutions

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Common Sense and the Mari Eponym Chronicle’s Eclipse

June 3, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Venus Tablets 6 comments

Anciently recorded astronomical events greatly aid in reconstructing historical timelines, but only if they are unambiguous enough to be positively

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