Skip to content
Synchronologies

Synchronologies

The World's Chronologies, Synchronized

Copyright © 2023-2024 by Daniel Penuel Benjamin. All rights reserved. No portion of this website may be reproduced in any form without prior written permission from Daniel Penuel Benjamin. See Meta Page for details.

  • Home
  • Posts
  • Articles
  • Privacy Policy
  • About The Author
  • Contact
  • Meta
  • Reality Checks for Ancient Chronology: Astronomical Datapoints and Verification

    December 25, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    The advocates of the conventional model of second millennium BCE Middle Eastern chronology have argued for the accuracy of their so-called “historical chronology” so vociferously

    Continue reading
  • Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Ice Core Dating

    December 2, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    Ice core dating is a scientific technique with multiple applications. It is also of value for ancient Middle Eastern chronology, but how accurate is it?

    Continue reading
  • Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Dendrochronology

    October 9, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    Dendrochronology can be a very valuable tool for determining the ages of ancient wooden artifacts, wooden building parts, and objects associated with those datable items.

    Continue reading
  • Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Astronomical Dating

    September 23, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    Scholars of ancient history generally recognize that contemporaneous records of ancient astronomical observations can potentially yield precisely accurate dates for the years in which the

    Continue reading
  • Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Radiocarbon Dates

    September 1, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    Investigations into ancient history, particularly its chronology, are increasingly relying on scientific data. Although that trend is a positive development, caution is warranted. This post

    Continue reading
  • How Far Backward Can We Extrapolate the Babylonian Middle Chronology Model?

    July 29, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    Some researchers have attempted to extrapolate one of the chronological models of the Venus Tablets of Ammi-şaduqa backward in time to the twenty-fourth century BCE.

    Continue reading
  • Is It Possible to Resolve the Two-Year Discrepancy in the Early Assyrian Timeline?

    July 2, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    Assyrian chronology is restorable with probable year-exact precision to almost two centuries earlier than Hammurabi’s first year (1792 BCE). Šamši-Adad I (Assyrian King List [AKL]

    Continue reading
  • Genuinely Ancient Records Are Not Necessarily Accurate

    April 9, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin

    Many researchers approach the subject of historical chronology with the fundamental premise that ancient inscriptions have accurate chronological data. However, that is often not true.

    Continue reading

From The Author

Common Sense and Radiocarbon Dating

April 10, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Middle East, Radiocarbon dating 4 comments

Radiocarbon dating is a valuable tool for archaeologists. Crucial to obtaining accurate dates is the Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon International Calibration

Continue reading

Common Sense and the Dogma of a Single Egyptian Calendar System

April 3, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Egyptian, Middle East 8 comments

[Modified 14 Oct 2024] (This post presumes the reader has a basic knowledge of the Egyptian calendar and the Sothic

Continue reading

Common Sense, Critical and Lateral Thinking, and Ancient Middle Eastern Chronology

March 19, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities, Uncategorized One comment

Perhaps the biggest problem with “common sense” is that it is not as common as we would like. What human

Continue reading

The Thera Eruption—When Did It Occur, and Why Is It Important?

March 13, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Exact Date, Importance, Middle East, Minoan, Thera eruption Leave a comment

The volcanic eruption on Santorini Island (or Thera) in the Aegean Sea was probably the largest in recorded history. It

Continue reading

Is There an Extra Century in Second Millennium BCE Middle Eastern Chronology?

February 22, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East 2 comments

The short answer to this title’s question is “Yes.” Researchers mistakenly shifted part of the second millennium BCE historical timeline

Continue reading

The Ironic Accuracy of the Venus Tablets Middle Chronology Model

February 20, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Venus Tablets 7 comments

(Revised 28 March 2024.) The Venus Tablet(s) of Ammi-şaduqa is a collection of records of this planet’s first and last

Continue reading

Why an Astronomical Chronological Model Can Be Irrefutable

February 16, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities 4 comments

Ideally, a chronological model should have abundant historical data to support it. For the Middle Eastern timelines in the second

Continue reading

Why Ancient Chronology is Important

February 9, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Importance, Middle East Leave a comment

Humans learn by relating new things to facts we already know. We categorize and classify bits of information, which helps

Continue reading

A Better Way to Second Millennium BCE Middle Eastern Chronology

February 7, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Importance, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities Leave a comment

When you read an article about events in the ancient Middle East and the author assigned dates to those events,

Continue reading

Posts pagination

«Previous Posts 1 … 3 4 5
WordPress Theme: Tortuga by ThemeZee.