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Synchronologies

Synchronologies

The World's Chronologies, Synchronized

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Tag: The Six Pillars of Second Millennium BCE Middle Eastern Chronology

Does the Model in “The Six Pillars” Represent a New Paradigm?

March 30, 2026 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Aegean Dendrochronology, Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Middle East Leave a comment

This post is my 50th, a significant milestone. It is also my first post after an accident I suffered in

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Reality Checks for Ancient Chronology: Astronomical Datapoints and Verification

December 25, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East Leave a comment

The advocates of the conventional model of second millennium BCE Middle Eastern chronology have argued for the accuracy of their

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Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Ice Core Dating

December 2, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Ice Core Dating, Middle East, Thera eruption Leave a comment

Ice core dating is a scientific technique with multiple applications. It is also of value for ancient Middle Eastern chronology,

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Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Dendrochronology

October 9, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Aegean Dendrochronology, Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Middle East, Radiocarbon dating Leave a comment

Dendrochronology can be a very valuable tool for determining the ages of ancient wooden artifacts, wooden building parts, and objects

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Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Astronomical Dating

September 23, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle East One comment

Scholars of ancient history generally recognize that contemporaneous records of ancient astronomical observations can potentially yield precisely accurate dates for

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Genuinely Ancient Records Are Not Necessarily Accurate

April 9, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle East One comment

Many researchers approach the subject of historical chronology with the fundamental premise that ancient inscriptions have accurate chronological data. However,

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Ancient Middle Eastern Astronomical Chronology, Verification, and Absolute Dates

February 17, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities, Thera eruption, Venus Tablets One comment

A year has passed since publishing the post “Why an Astronomical Chronological Model Can Be Irrefutable.” That short article discusses

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Babylonian Chronology: Problems and Solutions

January 8, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle East Leave a comment

Much of the Babylonian timeline is missing due to the lack of extant and intact king lists. Babylonian King List

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Accurate Chronology or Fringe Theories?

October 9, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Many ideas (or theories) about ancient Middle Eastern chronology are controversial. Even now, scholars are divided about which one of

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The Bad Habit of Reinterpreting Data to Conform with Tradition (Or How to Cook a Frog)

September 11, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East One comment

Ancient Middle Eastern chronology is complex and involves many data types from various empires, kingdoms, and regions. While interpreting that

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