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Synchronologies

The World's Chronologies, Synchronized

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Tag: absolute date

Reality Checks for Ancient Chronology: Astronomical Datapoints and Verification

December 25, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East Leave a comment

The advocates of the conventional model of second millennium BCE Middle Eastern chronology have argued for the accuracy of their

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Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Ice Core Dating

December 2, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Ice Core Dating, Middle East, Thera eruption Leave a comment

Ice core dating is a scientific technique with multiple applications. It is also of value for ancient Middle Eastern chronology,

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Genuinely Scientific Data Are Not Necessarily Accurate: Astronomical Dating

September 23, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle East One comment

Scholars of ancient history generally recognize that contemporaneous records of ancient astronomical observations can potentially yield precisely accurate dates for

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How Far Backward Can We Extrapolate the Babylonian Middle Chronology Model?

July 29, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Sumer, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Some researchers have attempted to extrapolate one of the chronological models of the Venus Tablets of Ammi-şaduqa backward in time

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Is It Possible to Resolve the Two-Year Discrepancy in the Early Assyrian Timeline?

July 2, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Venus Tablets One comment

Assyrian chronology is restorable with probable year-exact precision to almost two centuries earlier than Hammurabi’s first year (1792 BCE). Šamši-Adad

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Why Solar Eclipse References and Allusions Are Crucial to Egyptian Chronology

March 27, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Egyptian, Importance, Middle East Leave a comment

Solar eclipses were notable events to ancient Egyptian monarchs because they viewed them as messages from the sun god. Nevertheless,

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Why Sothic Dates Are Crucial to Egyptian Chronology (But Not as Traditionally Understood)

March 3, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Egyptian, Importance, Middle East One comment

“Sothic dates” are anciently recorded observations of the heliacal rising of the star Sirius. They are critical evidence in studying

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Ancient Middle Eastern Astronomical Chronology, Verification, and Absolute Dates

February 17, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities, Thera eruption, Venus Tablets One comment

A year has passed since publishing the post “Why an Astronomical Chronological Model Can Be Irrefutable.” That short article discusses

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An Alternative Model Linking the Thera Eruption with Chinese Chronology

February 3, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Chinese Chronology, Middle East, Thera eruption 4 comments

(Modified 7 May 2025) The last post discussed the evidence that seemingly links the eruption of Thera with events during

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The Thera Eruption as a Pivotal Point in Chinese Chronology

January 23, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Chinese Chronology, Middle East, Thera eruption One comment

The sun dimmed. Frost occurred in July. Heavy rainfall toppled temples and buildings. Hot and cold weather arrived in disorder.

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