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Synchronologies

The World's Chronologies, Synchronized

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Tag: Amarna Period synchronisms

Reality Checks for Ancient Chronology: Astronomical Datapoints and Verification

December 25, 2025 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East Leave a comment

The advocates of the conventional model of second millennium BCE Middle Eastern chronology have argued for the accuracy of their

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What Kinds of Astronomical Evidence Are Useful for Egyptian Chronology?

November 18, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle East One comment

Several types of astronomical data are essential for Egyptian chronology. These include records of the heliacal rising of Sirius (Sothic

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Middle Chronology Advocates’ Efforts to Expand One Century into Two

October 22, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Multiple astronomical anchors and other scientific data demonstrate that the Middle Chronology model of the Venus Tablets of Ammi-şaduqa during

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Accurate Chronology or Fringe Theories?

October 9, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

Many ideas (or theories) about ancient Middle Eastern chronology are controversial. Even now, scholars are divided about which one of

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Examples of Altering Data to Conform with Traditions

September 25, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East, Ultra-Low Chronology, Venus Tablets Leave a comment

The previous post discussed the problem that researchers tend to start with: the premise that conventional views of chronology are

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Common Sense and Gaps in the Assyrian King List

April 15, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Assyrian, Astronomical chronology, Middle East, Radiocarbon dating 10 comments

Archaeological finds at a warehouse and marketing center in Acemhöyük, central Anatolia, from the Assyrian Colony period show that those

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Is There an Extra Century in Second Millennium BCE Middle Eastern Chronology?

February 22, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Babylonian, Egyptian, Middle Chronology Model, Middle East 2 comments

The short answer to this title’s question is “Yes.” Researchers mistakenly shifted part of the second millennium BCE historical timeline

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A Better Way to Second Millennium BCE Middle Eastern Chronology

February 7, 2024 Daniel Penuel Benjamin Ancient Middle Eastern chronology, Astronomical chronology, Importance, Middle East, Overcoming ambiguities Leave a comment

When you read an article about events in the ancient Middle East and the author assigned dates to those events,

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